What is a Thoracentesis?
Diagnosis and / or therapeutic purposes, the example of a special needle to obtain fluid between the lung membranes of the process is called thoracentesis.
Thoracentesis is required why?
Normally a very small amount of liquid is located between the membranes covering the lungs. Is the accumulation of fluid between the lung membranes 'pleural effusion is called'.
Pneumonia (pneumonia), pulmonary tuberculosis, heart failure and certain types of heart inflammation of the membrane, some kidney and liver diseases, rheumatic diseases, cancer diseases and parasitic diseases, fluid collected between the lung membranes.
Collection of fluid between the lung membranes, lungs, creating pressure on the child / hastanızda can lead to respiratory distress. The amount of fluid between the lung membranes further increased by increasing respiratory distress, life-threatening for your child can create. This is a special liquid to be taken out with a needle (thoracentesis), can reduce your child's respiratory distress, and microbiological and biochemical methods and the examination of the fluid that causes fluid to collect konulmasına can help diagnose the disease.
Different microbes (eg bacteria, viruses, fungi), and treatment of lung membranes and cause the liquid to be used for the collection of drugs could be different according to the microbes, microbe identification led to the collection of fluid is very important. Pleural effusions caused by germs called bacteria prepared liquid emissions under the microscope examination of bacteria stained with special dyes to produce bacteria cultures occurrence and determined that the cause of bacterial infection. Produced in liquid culture of bacteria, germs used antibiotics are effective, this is not understandable. Collection of fluid between the lung membranes of bacteria associated with pneumonia, only the early stages of the disease with antibiotic treatment period with good compared with the inflammation or surgical chest tube should be emptied.
Collection of fluid between the membranes of microbe identification of patients diagnosed with lung / thoracentesis needs to be done to determine the cause. Thoracentesis is done today for diagnosis of lung patients and accurate diagnosis konulamayabilir substitute for review of fluid between the membranes there is another method. For this reason, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment as soon as the patient needs to be done thoracentesis.
Preparation before Thoracentesis
Interference with you and your child's doctor before / patient's age and mental status information for the transaction will consult with appropriate hastanızla. Patient's significant medical problems, use drugs, have bleeding problems or are allergic to substances (drugs, latex gloves, plaster, etc.) or other diseases should tell your doctor before the procedure.
Your doctor will discuss with you information about your permission to take action to be taken after giving your patient a consent form imzalatacaktır you.
Intervention before the patients do not have to remain hungry. Before the procedure, go the toilet during the venture would be beneficial in terms of being comfortable.
Thoracentesis How?
Thoracentesis is a procedure usually lasts 15-30 minutes. The patient is placed on the examination table leans slightly forward, puts his arms up or removes a pillow. Thoracentesis done in the region deleted from the skin with an antiseptic solution, sterile cloth to clean the area with the hole covered over. Done in the process, by means of a needle uyuşturulur regional, and then again between the membranes covering the lungs with a needle is entering the accumulated liquid. Absolutely motionless during the procedure the patient should stop. If the patient is a child, and with a calm and motionless durabilecekse kept by medical personnel may not be required in the appropriate position. Infants and young children may need to be kept in a proper position by medical personnel. Selected from among the ribs with a special needle for passing the liquid sample after the needle is removed. During this process the patient may feel a slight pain. Thoracentesis is planned evacuation of the liquid may take time.
Thoracentesis your doctor can find out details about the method.
What happens after Thoracentesis?
After Thoracentesis initiative on the skin where pressure is applied for 2-3 minutes with sterile gauze, liquid or blood is drawn from the control. This place is closed with sterile gauze and pasted on the plaster. Tape must be removed no later than 24 hours later.
Do not lift up the patient after the procedure, your doctor interview, yürütmeyin and do not leave the hospital.
After the procedure, sometimes pain where the needle may be intruded, in this case, the patient may need to be given a drug painkillers such as paracetamol orally. Aspirin should not be used could make a bleeding tendency.
Are there any risks of thoracentesis?
Thoracentesis process may be some risks, albeit low probability.
May develop allergic reaction to medication and rarely used for local anesthesia.
Sometimes you may need to repeat the initiative can not be obtained from the fluid by thoracentesis.
Rarely venture from the prolonged bleeding or fluid leaking from the lung membranes can be. These conditions can be treated appropriately. After leaving the hospital can draw attention to deal with the situation immediately tell your doctor to call.
Between the air can escape during the process of lung membranes (pneumothorax) or blood collected from lung membranes (hemothorax). These undesirable consequences if not treated properly the patient may be lost. Therefore, post-thoracentesis chest X-ray detected an emergency treatment to be captured and will be made if such an undesirable situation.
Very low probability of interference due to vascular and nerve damage may develop.
Source: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society - translated by google
13 Ekim 2010 Çarşamba
What is meningitis?
What is meningitis?
Meningitis is an infection of the brain membranes (an inflammation). Brain tissue is affected by the disease.
What is Meningitis factors and transmission routes?
Bacteria, germs such as viruses and fungi can cause meningitis. Factor is usually a virus or bacterium. Infants and children with meningitis are usually settled in the nose and throat occurs after receipt of a microbe through the blood brain membranes. Sinusitis, middle ear infections, skull fractures, brain membrane disruption can cause meningitis cases, microbes directly reaching the brain membranes. Agents of meningitis in newborn infants during childbirth is often the mother's infected birth canal.
What are the symptoms of Meningitis Disease?
The symptoms of meningitis vary depending on the patient's age. During meningitis in older children is usually fever, headache, nausea and vomiting occur. Altered mental status (lethargy to coma may vary) and convulsion (to have a fit) can be associated with the disease. Doctor examination, neck stiffness, and some other findings in favor of detection of meningitis. Meningitis in young infants during the fever, vomiting, irritability, feeding refusal, convulsions (to have a fit), lethargy, irregular breathing, jaundice, bıngıldakta such as bulging and tension may be very different findings. These findings can be seen during meningitis in infants and children during a meningitis or other diseases could be determined, the diagnosis of meningitis in patients with a history and physical examination findings be put in exactly.
Meningitis is diagnosed?
Requires immediate diagnosis and treatment of acute meningitis. Delayed diagnosis of meningitis, a collection of fluid in the brain (cerebral edema), brain abscess, and mental-motor retardation (mental retardation), face, trunk, arms or legs, paralysis, deafness, blindness, head around the growth, epilepsy, shock may develop as a very serious and undesirable consequences even the patient may be lost. For the diagnosis of meningitis and brain membranes of the brain and spinal cord between the biochemical and microbiological methods in the cerebrospinal fluid examined. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of suspected meningitis as soon as possible for the brain-spinal fluid should be obtained by lumbar puncture. Microbiological tests for the detection of the agent in the blood also can be made.
What is the treatment of meningitis?
Meningitis patients need hospital care. Developed meningitis, antibiotics are used with germs called bacteria. With some of the factors for developing meningitis germs called virus for antiviral treatment. Fungi and other microbes in meningitis with antimicrobial therapy are evolving. Supportive therapy in patients with meningitis is very important. Fever, headache, restlessness and convulsions should be used for the appropriate drugs. The patient's fluid and electrolyte needs are met, according to the state of consciousness to continue the feeding of determining the appropriate method of nutrition, respiration is not enough, give oxygen or respiratory device should be connected. Corticosteroids are used in patients with brain edema. In some cases, additional treatments such as physical therapy may be necessary.
How disease can result in meningitis?
Depending on the etiologic agents of meningitis in the fully improved with early diagnosis and treatment can be seen. In severe cases the disease can result in death or learning disabilities, mental retardation, muscle weakness or paralysis, epilepsy, head around the growth, speech disorders, decreased vision or blindness, hearing or deafness, and sensory disorders, such as reduction can cause permanent problems.
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Source: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
Meningitis is an infection of the brain membranes (an inflammation). Brain tissue is affected by the disease.
What is Meningitis factors and transmission routes?
Bacteria, germs such as viruses and fungi can cause meningitis. Factor is usually a virus or bacterium. Infants and children with meningitis are usually settled in the nose and throat occurs after receipt of a microbe through the blood brain membranes. Sinusitis, middle ear infections, skull fractures, brain membrane disruption can cause meningitis cases, microbes directly reaching the brain membranes. Agents of meningitis in newborn infants during childbirth is often the mother's infected birth canal.
What are the symptoms of Meningitis Disease?
The symptoms of meningitis vary depending on the patient's age. During meningitis in older children is usually fever, headache, nausea and vomiting occur. Altered mental status (lethargy to coma may vary) and convulsion (to have a fit) can be associated with the disease. Doctor examination, neck stiffness, and some other findings in favor of detection of meningitis. Meningitis in young infants during the fever, vomiting, irritability, feeding refusal, convulsions (to have a fit), lethargy, irregular breathing, jaundice, bıngıldakta such as bulging and tension may be very different findings. These findings can be seen during meningitis in infants and children during a meningitis or other diseases could be determined, the diagnosis of meningitis in patients with a history and physical examination findings be put in exactly.
Meningitis is diagnosed?
Requires immediate diagnosis and treatment of acute meningitis. Delayed diagnosis of meningitis, a collection of fluid in the brain (cerebral edema), brain abscess, and mental-motor retardation (mental retardation), face, trunk, arms or legs, paralysis, deafness, blindness, head around the growth, epilepsy, shock may develop as a very serious and undesirable consequences even the patient may be lost. For the diagnosis of meningitis and brain membranes of the brain and spinal cord between the biochemical and microbiological methods in the cerebrospinal fluid examined. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of suspected meningitis as soon as possible for the brain-spinal fluid should be obtained by lumbar puncture. Microbiological tests for the detection of the agent in the blood also can be made.
What is the treatment of meningitis?
Meningitis patients need hospital care. Developed meningitis, antibiotics are used with germs called bacteria. With some of the factors for developing meningitis germs called virus for antiviral treatment. Fungi and other microbes in meningitis with antimicrobial therapy are evolving. Supportive therapy in patients with meningitis is very important. Fever, headache, restlessness and convulsions should be used for the appropriate drugs. The patient's fluid and electrolyte needs are met, according to the state of consciousness to continue the feeding of determining the appropriate method of nutrition, respiration is not enough, give oxygen or respiratory device should be connected. Corticosteroids are used in patients with brain edema. In some cases, additional treatments such as physical therapy may be necessary.
How disease can result in meningitis?
Depending on the etiologic agents of meningitis in the fully improved with early diagnosis and treatment can be seen. In severe cases the disease can result in death or learning disabilities, mental retardation, muscle weakness or paralysis, epilepsy, head around the growth, speech disorders, decreased vision or blindness, hearing or deafness, and sensory disorders, such as reduction can cause permanent problems.
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Source: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
Active Immunity, Passive Immunity
Active immunity, occurring after exposure to antigens bağışıklıktır. Naturally acquired immunity develops after exposure to the surrounding antigens. Artificial immunity provided by vaccines is a type of acquired immunity.
Vaccination: Vaccination is a form of artificial immune to winning.
Vaccines containing killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria or viruses), and treatment of infectious diseases and biological products used for protection. Microorganisms already passed, the procedure is dead or has no danger of grabbing for the disease. Mechanism of action is similar to the natural disease vaccines, which are both stimulates the immune system and the microbe into the body recognizes and creates a memory. Later, the same germ enters the body's immune system recognizes him again, and without an opportunity to disease by producing antibodies to fight it and destroy it is necessary. Thus, the same type of people living organism encounters an active immune system is already being aware of how you will react and can not make the chance of foreign organisms to cause disease antibody dont lose no time to prepare.
Passive immunity was created by another human or animal protective antibodies passed with one other person (usually by injection). In this way, protection is active, but short-lived and disappear within weeks or months.
Natural passive immunity produced by the mother's antibodies through the placenta in the womb, after birth the child through the milk bağışıklıktır provided. Artificial passive immunity to prevent the disease from the immune serum with those previously prepared antibody immunity won.
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What is abdominal Paracentesis?
What is abdominal paracentesis?
Diagnosis and / or therapeutic purposes, a special fluid in the abdomen with a needle entering the abdominal wall to obtain sample-fluid evacuation process is called abdominal paracentesis.
Cause abdominal paracentesis is needed?
Normally, in the abdomen, around the abdominal organs in the membrane (peritoneum) and the restricted area is located in a very small amount of liquid. Infectious diseases, benign or malignant tumors, appendicitis, cirrhosis, pancreas, kidney and heart diseases, diseases such as the collection of fluid in the abdomen (acid) may result. Bladder, stomach, intestines, and especially the appendix in the abdomen pierced or liquids in them the distance sızdığında peritonitis (peritonitis) develops. Peritoneal dialysis may also cause peritonitis.
In the abdomen, the abdominal membrane, inflammation develops fever, abdominal pain and vomiting can be symptoms such as. Inflammation in the abdomen causing germs to spread to other organs via blood circulation or neighborhood risk are also available. This situation can create life-threatening cases. Is more than the accumulated fluid in the abdomen, fluid in the abdomen with a needle out to be collected, by reducing intra-abdominal pressure will help to relieve abdominal pain and children to resolve. Abdominal paracentesis is also examined in the laboratory from the liquid, causing the collection of fluid in the abdomen konulmasına disease diagnosis and detection of the presence of purulent fluid in the abdomen may help. Germs is possible to define the culture. Produced in liquid culture of bacteria, germs used antibiotics are effective, this is not understandable.
Abdominal paracentesis How?
Abdominal paracentesis is a procedure usually lasts 15-30 minutes. The patient or the doctor's examining table in supine position is often considered appropriate in the right or left side of the right
lies. Abdominal paracentesis done in the region deleted from the skin with an antiseptic solution, sterile cloth to clean the area with the hole covered over. A needle through the skin of the area as a regional uyuşturulur be made of the transaction. Special accumulated fluid in the abdomen with a needle entering the sample is taken from the abdominal wall or the liquid is drained. Paracentesis done using ultrasound is preferred. Absolutely motionless during the procedure the patient should stop. Infants and young children may need to be kept in a proper position by medical personnel. Determined from the collected fluid in the abdomen after the needle is removed. The patient, a sense of pity and a slight needle during local anesthesia with mild pain and pressure you feel when entering. Paracentesis is planned evacuation of the liquid may take time.
Your doctor can learn about the details of the method of abdominal paracentesis.
What happens after abdominal paracentesis?
Abdominal paracentesis is made after the initiative on the skin where pressure is applied for 2-3 minutes with sterile gauze, bleeding and leakage control is done. This place is closed with sterile gauze and pasted on the plaster. Tape must be removed no later than 24 hours later.
Excess amounts of fluid may decrease blood pressure and dizziness, the patient may be discharged. Do not lift up the patient after the procedure, your doctor interview, yürütmeyin and do not leave the hospital. Excess amounts of fluid 1-2 hours observation of the patient must be emptied.
After the procedure can be pain sometimes needle intruded everywhere, in this case, the patient may need to be given a drug painkillers such as paracetamol orally. Aspirin should not be used could make a bleeding tendency.
Is there a risk of abdominal paracentesis?
Abdominal paracentesis procedure, albeit low probability, may have some risks.
Sometimes the liquid can not be obtained by abdominal paracentesis and initiatives need to be repeated.
Rarely, prolonged bleeding from intervention or from within the abdomen can leak fluid. Very rarely venture over the rash, the temperature increase and the infection can be manifested by pain. These conditions can be treated appropriately. After leaving the hospital can draw attention to deal with the situation immediately tell your doctor to call.
Abdominal paracentesis is a very low probability during the bowel, bladder wall, or a vessel rupture in the abdomen. These undesirable consequences if not treated properly the patient may be lost. Emergency treatment will be found to such an undesirable situation.
Essentially a collection of fluid in the abdomen may continue until the disease is corrected. Therefore, abdominal paracentesis may be needed again.
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Diagnosis and / or therapeutic purposes, a special fluid in the abdomen with a needle entering the abdominal wall to obtain sample-fluid evacuation process is called abdominal paracentesis.
Cause abdominal paracentesis is needed?
Normally, in the abdomen, around the abdominal organs in the membrane (peritoneum) and the restricted area is located in a very small amount of liquid. Infectious diseases, benign or malignant tumors, appendicitis, cirrhosis, pancreas, kidney and heart diseases, diseases such as the collection of fluid in the abdomen (acid) may result. Bladder, stomach, intestines, and especially the appendix in the abdomen pierced or liquids in them the distance sızdığında peritonitis (peritonitis) develops. Peritoneal dialysis may also cause peritonitis.
In the abdomen, the abdominal membrane, inflammation develops fever, abdominal pain and vomiting can be symptoms such as. Inflammation in the abdomen causing germs to spread to other organs via blood circulation or neighborhood risk are also available. This situation can create life-threatening cases. Is more than the accumulated fluid in the abdomen, fluid in the abdomen with a needle out to be collected, by reducing intra-abdominal pressure will help to relieve abdominal pain and children to resolve. Abdominal paracentesis is also examined in the laboratory from the liquid, causing the collection of fluid in the abdomen konulmasına disease diagnosis and detection of the presence of purulent fluid in the abdomen may help. Germs is possible to define the culture. Produced in liquid culture of bacteria, germs used antibiotics are effective, this is not understandable.
Abdominal paracentesis How?
Abdominal paracentesis is a procedure usually lasts 15-30 minutes. The patient or the doctor's examining table in supine position is often considered appropriate in the right or left side of the right
lies. Abdominal paracentesis done in the region deleted from the skin with an antiseptic solution, sterile cloth to clean the area with the hole covered over. A needle through the skin of the area as a regional uyuşturulur be made of the transaction. Special accumulated fluid in the abdomen with a needle entering the sample is taken from the abdominal wall or the liquid is drained. Paracentesis done using ultrasound is preferred. Absolutely motionless during the procedure the patient should stop. Infants and young children may need to be kept in a proper position by medical personnel. Determined from the collected fluid in the abdomen after the needle is removed. The patient, a sense of pity and a slight needle during local anesthesia with mild pain and pressure you feel when entering. Paracentesis is planned evacuation of the liquid may take time.
Your doctor can learn about the details of the method of abdominal paracentesis.
What happens after abdominal paracentesis?
Abdominal paracentesis is made after the initiative on the skin where pressure is applied for 2-3 minutes with sterile gauze, bleeding and leakage control is done. This place is closed with sterile gauze and pasted on the plaster. Tape must be removed no later than 24 hours later.
Excess amounts of fluid may decrease blood pressure and dizziness, the patient may be discharged. Do not lift up the patient after the procedure, your doctor interview, yürütmeyin and do not leave the hospital. Excess amounts of fluid 1-2 hours observation of the patient must be emptied.
After the procedure can be pain sometimes needle intruded everywhere, in this case, the patient may need to be given a drug painkillers such as paracetamol orally. Aspirin should not be used could make a bleeding tendency.
Is there a risk of abdominal paracentesis?
Abdominal paracentesis procedure, albeit low probability, may have some risks.
Sometimes the liquid can not be obtained by abdominal paracentesis and initiatives need to be repeated.
Rarely, prolonged bleeding from intervention or from within the abdomen can leak fluid. Very rarely venture over the rash, the temperature increase and the infection can be manifested by pain. These conditions can be treated appropriately. After leaving the hospital can draw attention to deal with the situation immediately tell your doctor to call.
Abdominal paracentesis is a very low probability during the bowel, bladder wall, or a vessel rupture in the abdomen. These undesirable consequences if not treated properly the patient may be lost. Emergency treatment will be found to such an undesirable situation.
Essentially a collection of fluid in the abdomen may continue until the disease is corrected. Therefore, abdominal paracentesis may be needed again.
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What is Pneumonia, Parapneumonic effusion
WHAT IS PNEUMONIA and Parapneumonic effusion? INFORMATION ABOUT TREATMENTS
What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia (pneumonia) is inflammation of lung tissue.
Parapneumonic effusion definition
The collection of fluid between the lung membranes of bacterial pneumonia 'parapneumonic effusion' is called.
What are the factors and transmission routes of pneumonia?
Causing pneumonia germs (viruses, bacteria and fungi such as species) are many and varied. Some of the germs of pneumonia caused by certain age groups are more common.
Germs that cause pneumonia or sneeze of an infected person coughs droplets containing the germs spread into the air with the arrival of a healthy person's nose and throat is transmitted.
What are the symptoms of the disease?
Rapid breathing, fever, dry or nonproductive cough, the main symptoms of pneumonia. Chest pain, chest recession (retractions), nose, wings, breathing participate, air hunger, reduction in respiratory movements, heart rate acceleration, feeding difficulty, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, convulsions (to have a fit), lethargy visible manifestations of pneumonia. The symptoms vary depending on the patient's age and lung disease in newborn infants with pneumonia may not be seen with some of the findings.
Pneumonia is diagnosed?
Only be diagnosed by the physician's examination findings, diagnosis of pneumonia. Chest radiographs of the prevalence of the disease, whether liquid or air between the lung membranes, whether air cysts in the lung tissue, lung abscess or lung aeration extinguished areas in terms of whether there is a huge benefit show. If necessary, the lungs are examined with ultrasonography and computed tomography.
What is the treatment?
Antibiotic treatment of patients with bacterial pneumonia are considered. Young infants with pneumonia, those with heart failure, fluid or air between the lung membranes gathered, cysts and abscesses of the lung air ones, those fields are dormant in the lungs, an important underlying disease, those with poor immune systems should be hospitalized for treatment. The patient's breathing is not enough, give oxygen or respiratory device should be connected. Collection of fluid between the lung membranes, creating pressure on the lungs can lead to respiratory distress in children. The amount of fluid between the lung membranes increased with increasing respiratory distress even create life-threatening for children. This is taken out of the fluid with a needle (thoracentesis), may reduce the child's respiratory distress, and microbiological and biochemical methods and the examination of the fluid that causes fluid to collect konulmasına can help diagnose the disease. Between the amount of air is more intense inflammation of the membranes of lung or chest tube must be inserted. The patient's fluid and electrolyte needs are met, the appropriate way to continue the feeding, if any, of the underlying disease and the treatment of heart failure at least as important as antibiotic therapy.
How the disease may result?
Pneumonia may resolve completely with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. However, especially when the delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment of patients with respiratory failure and shock may be lost. Those with a very common disease, lung fluid or air between the membranes of the hit, those with lung abscess or lung fields extinct-aeration membrane adhesion in lung, lung tissue damage can be seen as undesirable consequences.
Source: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
Calls on the subject: What is Pneumonia, What is the treatment of pneumonia, is the effusion parapnömatik
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What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia (pneumonia) is inflammation of lung tissue.
Parapneumonic effusion definition
The collection of fluid between the lung membranes of bacterial pneumonia 'parapneumonic effusion' is called.
What are the factors and transmission routes of pneumonia?
Causing pneumonia germs (viruses, bacteria and fungi such as species) are many and varied. Some of the germs of pneumonia caused by certain age groups are more common.
Germs that cause pneumonia or sneeze of an infected person coughs droplets containing the germs spread into the air with the arrival of a healthy person's nose and throat is transmitted.
What are the symptoms of the disease?
Rapid breathing, fever, dry or nonproductive cough, the main symptoms of pneumonia. Chest pain, chest recession (retractions), nose, wings, breathing participate, air hunger, reduction in respiratory movements, heart rate acceleration, feeding difficulty, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, convulsions (to have a fit), lethargy visible manifestations of pneumonia. The symptoms vary depending on the patient's age and lung disease in newborn infants with pneumonia may not be seen with some of the findings.
Pneumonia is diagnosed?
Only be diagnosed by the physician's examination findings, diagnosis of pneumonia. Chest radiographs of the prevalence of the disease, whether liquid or air between the lung membranes, whether air cysts in the lung tissue, lung abscess or lung aeration extinguished areas in terms of whether there is a huge benefit show. If necessary, the lungs are examined with ultrasonography and computed tomography.
What is the treatment?
Antibiotic treatment of patients with bacterial pneumonia are considered. Young infants with pneumonia, those with heart failure, fluid or air between the lung membranes gathered, cysts and abscesses of the lung air ones, those fields are dormant in the lungs, an important underlying disease, those with poor immune systems should be hospitalized for treatment. The patient's breathing is not enough, give oxygen or respiratory device should be connected. Collection of fluid between the lung membranes, creating pressure on the lungs can lead to respiratory distress in children. The amount of fluid between the lung membranes increased with increasing respiratory distress even create life-threatening for children. This is taken out of the fluid with a needle (thoracentesis), may reduce the child's respiratory distress, and microbiological and biochemical methods and the examination of the fluid that causes fluid to collect konulmasına can help diagnose the disease. Between the amount of air is more intense inflammation of the membranes of lung or chest tube must be inserted. The patient's fluid and electrolyte needs are met, the appropriate way to continue the feeding, if any, of the underlying disease and the treatment of heart failure at least as important as antibiotic therapy.
How the disease may result?
Pneumonia may resolve completely with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. However, especially when the delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment of patients with respiratory failure and shock may be lost. Those with a very common disease, lung fluid or air between the membranes of the hit, those with lung abscess or lung fields extinct-aeration membrane adhesion in lung, lung tissue damage can be seen as undesirable consequences.
Source: Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
Calls on the subject: What is Pneumonia, What is the treatment of pneumonia, is the effusion parapnömatik
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What is Sepsis?
SEPSIS INFORMATION FORM
What is sepsis?
Sepsis is a microbe in the blood, body fluids or tissues of the body, illness and injury is the result of proliferation. Bacterial sepsis, viral and fungal species can develop different microbes. Multiple organ germs spread through blood or neighborhood impairs normal functions of organs, the disease is not treated timely and properly shock and death. In childhood, particularly low birth weight or prematurely born infants, those being treated in hospital for a long time, weaken the immune system is easier to develop sepsis, a disease in infants and children.
What are the factors and transmission routes?
Germs that can cause sepsis patients cough or sneeze of a human being emitted into the air with droplets containing the bacteria entered the respiratory tract of healthy people, non-food to eat clean or dirty water içilmesiyle, dirty hands or through contaminated blood. Germs enter the body through the skin integrity impaired. Some diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (intravenous catheter insertion, use of breathing apparatus, such as intravenous nutrition) also predispose to sepsis.
What are the symptoms of the disease?
The symptoms of sepsis can vary according to age of the patient and the affected organs. Young infants with fever, low body temperature, well poor sucking, irritability, lethargy, convulsions (to have a fit), respiratory distress, moaning, jaundice, abdominal distension and growth of liver and spleen, vomiting, shock and bleeding may occur. Similar to the older children, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, symptoms associated with impaired brain function, electrolyte balance, and hormone disruption, bleeding may occur. The patient's blood pressure drops, shock and coma develop in a table.
Sepsis is diagnosed?
Requires immediate diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, body fluids, such as the production of germ koydurabilir definite diagnosis of sepsis. However, microbes are often produced in the blood and other body fluids. In these cases, blood tests showing the germs in the body and the body sprung indirectly indicating the severity of infection, blood tests can be helpful in part. However, these studies support the presence of infection and sepsis can not show the type of microbe. X-rays, ultrasound, computed tomography examinations, such as it tries to determine the focus of infection.
What is the treatment?
Just need hospital care of patients with suspected sepsis. Antibiotics against microbes that have the potential to cause disease or other antimicrobial drugs, treatment should be initiated immediately. The patient's fluid and electrolyte needs are met, according to the state of consciousness to continue the feeding of determining the appropriate method of nutrition, respiration of oxygen, or respiratory device should be connected if it is not enough. Early detection and empowering state of shock the heart when necessary use of drugs is very important. Anticonvulsants must be treated for convulsions. If you have bleeding or bleeding tendency to stop the bleeding patient or diminishing substances in the blood to replace blood and blood products should be used.
How the disease may result?
Etiologic agents of sepsis and the patient's immune system is a very serious disease, depending on whether the normal watch. When the probability of death in two to five the number of normal body can not make the task of P to 0 come.
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30 Ağustos 2010 Pazartesi
Chronic bronchitis, Acute bronchitis, Bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis
Lung are the main organs of the respiratory system. Located right in the chest and left with two pieces. From the three lobes of right lung, left lung has two lobes and is composed of. Each lobe, however, was itself divided into smaller lobes. Each of the small lobe bronchus with detached blood vessels and is an independent work, such as small lungs. Small lobes, connected through the connective tissue of the bronchioles were sac.
Bronchitis
Bronchi:
We get fresh air through the mouth and nose, pharynx and larynx through the trachea is reached. Divided into two main branches of the windpipe. This branch also divided among themselves as small arms are connected to the lungs. Major branches of the windpipe "bronchi", while the smaller branches, "bronchioles" is called.
Sacs in the lungs in the form of arriving bronchiols end the sacs in which gas exchange occurs. Sacs of the inner wall of blood vessels are equipped with. Blood cells get oxygen and carbon dioxide loading of the capillary drop-sac on the face of the bronchioles (alveolar) occurs.
* Bronchitis:
Bronchial inflammation of the event for any reason, "bronchitis" is called. There are two forms to acute and chronic.
* Acute bronchitis:
More in autumn and winter months are associated with infectious diseases. Typhoid, measles, whooping cough can be extended to bronchial virus can cause inflammation.
Symptoms:
- Fever, cough and body are the first signs of frustration.
- Especially with dry cough, productive cough turns to disease progression.
- Burning of the throat, pain and sound that can be seen frequently.
Treatment:
- Fever and cough drop is given for the prevention of drug.
- If you are not accompanied by bronchitis or a lung disease, bed rest and plenty of lime tea will be enough to overcome disease. Lime juice, use of a good expectorant.
- The patient's room should be warm and humid. Moisture, put a kettle on the stove is left on the mouth of (steam) can be obtained. Buğuseptiklerin vapor inhalation when it will be seen very good.
* Chronic bronchitis:
Lasting more than three months winter or two winters in a row is considered common chronic bronchitis. Mucous and chronic bronchitis in smokers and more people who are inhaling polluted city air.
Symptoms:
- Breathing difficulty breathing and voice is the most typical symptoms.
- Increased cough at night, the patient is very uncomfortable. However, after expectorant can get.
Treatment:
- The first step in treatment is to stop smoking. Unless smoking cessation treatment remains unanswered.
- Working and living environment from the cold, away from moisture and dust should be.
- Expectorant (extender), while measures are taken, for drying of bronchial inflammation is treated with antibiotics.
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